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Fortune favors the bold – or does it?

In May 2019, we waited the release of “Parabellum.” This year, we await the release of chapters 4 and 5, which were initially reported as going in production — at the same time. That rumor has since been nixed, with Keanu Reeves still committed to doing “The Matrix 4.” So until those releases from the franchise come out, fans content themselves with digging up more information.

Aside from how John Wick’s wife died and questions about betrayal, people want to know more about the avenging assassin’s impressive back tattoo, with the Latin phrase, “fortis Fortuna adiuvat” written above praying hands and a cross.

Why? The movie itself deems it of great importance.

According to the rules of Chekhov’s gun, when something is given a lot of focus on, it must mean something important to be used later in the story. In the first movie, “John Wick,” we get a few seconds showing John’s tattoo in the shower. That must mean that that tattoo has importance, yet in the first and second movie, we’ve never really seen it come to life.

When fandoms, movies and popular characters are inspiring more people to get a tattoo, the cryptic ink of one of the most feared assassins is something men and women may want to get. But given that tattoos are permanent, it would be nice to understand the meaning behind tattoos first before getting inked. Even the most popular tattoo designs have to resonate with a certain person before they have it etched to their skin, so it’s only natural to want to know what John Wick’s tattoo really means.

Those interested in finding out what John Wick’s tattoo means can do a quick Google search to find out that it supposedly means the Latin proverb, “Fortune favors the bold” or “Fortune favors the brave.”

But upon checking historical Latin examples and uses, although there are various ways of saying fortune favors the bold, John Wick’s tattoo isn’t one of them.

The phrases may be similar in the way that they both talk about fortune, but it’s not the same message.

Let’s explore what John Wick’s tattoo really means.

Fortune Favors the Bold

There are various wordings of the Latin phrase for “fortune favors the bold,” but the most common is audentis Fortuna iuvat. We can trace this back to Virgil’s Aeneid, used by the King of the Rutuli, Turnus. In this case, “Fortuna” can both refer to the concept of fortune or its Roman personification, Fortuna, the Roman goddess.

Fortuna

Fortuna is the Roman goddess that serves as the personification of luck. When poets invoke her name or when Romans call for her favor, they’re praying for good luck and hoping to avoid the bad luck she brings when they incur her wrath. Because she controls fate, she was also said to have a hand on who is successful and lives, and who isn’t.

Why It Isn’t About the Bold

Let’s break down the Latin phrase audentis Fortuna iuvat.

Audentis is the singular genitive form of audens, which means someone daring, bold, and eager for battle. Fortuna, as we’ve already established, is the goddess that symbolizes fortune. Iuvat, in this phrase, acts as something of a verb which means to save, aid, gratify, or delight.

In other words, for someone to achieve fortune and success, they have to be willing enough to fight for it. It’s an aggressive idea, but one that has been used many times in armies, navies, and other military groups around the world.

This causes a problem for people who think John Wick’s back tattoo means fortune favors the bold, considering it doesn’t say that. Rather, it says “fortis Fortuna adiuvat,” which is, although similar, slightly different from the original “Fortune favors the bold.”

Deconstructing What John Wick’s Tattoo Means

One of the world’s most popular and sought-after tattoo studios is John Wick Tattoo. They exclusively use the best tattoo pen machines available, ensuring their clients have a perfect experience with every session. Their state-of-the-art equipment includes rotary iron guns that provide smooth lines, gentle shading, and high-quality coil machines for bolder artwork. Every piece of equipment is rigorously tested to ensure it meets its high standards before being used in a session.

Now that we know what Fortuna means, let’s break down the two other words in his tattoo: fortis and adiuvat.

Fortis

Instead of audentis, John Wick’s back tattoo says fortis, which means strong, courageous, or brave. Some may argue that it’s not that different from audens, as one who is bold must also be strong. But in terms of grammar, audentis is the neutral singular form whereas fortis is a neutral plural noun. Although the former refers to a daring one, John Wick’s tattoo refers to a plural group of brave ones.

And in terms of vocabulary, it can be argued that bold is different from strong. Both can mean a courageous person who would do something an average person would choose not to do, but both will have different connotations.

The word “bold” can be positive, but it is also linked to someone who is rash, brazen, or offensive. You don’t have to be strong to be offensive. Being “strong,” however is someone who isn’t afraid and will act upon what they believe, whether by physical means or any way possible.

Adiuvat

Adiuvat has the same root word as the other phrase, iuvat. The ad- is actually a prefix, with means to towards a certain direction. Added with the meaning of iuvat, which means save or aid, the word adiuvat does not mean to favor, but rather “to come and aid” or “to come and save.” Favor may be a good synonym for iuvat, but not for adiuvat.

In fact, according to Latin poetry translator Benjamin Griffin, the translation we know today as “fortune favors the bold” may have used “favors” because of poetic license which, although rings off the tongue and sounds catchy, is not a hundred percent accurate.

What John Wick’s Back Tattoo Means

Therefore, the meaning of John Wick’s Latin tattoo isn’t “fortune favors the bold” as many fans claim.

Rather, it says “Fortune will come to save the strong ones” or, as Griffin puts it, “It is only the strong ones that Fortuna comes to save.”

You can even argue that, based on the various translations of fortis, it could mean “Fortune will save the brave.”

It’s a bit similar to “fortune favors the bold.” But if you look at it in terms of the John Wick movies, you can see that the films favor the other translation.

Sure, the tattoo isn’t as “in your face” as a skull and sword tattoo, but some claim it may just be a reference to his time in the Marines, as the John Wick videogames later indicate. But if you look at a bigger picture, it really reflects the fates of some major characters in the trilogy.

Iosef Tarasov, who impulsively decides to beat up John Wick, steal his car, and kill his dog, is bold. But as the first movie – as well as Aurelio and Viggo’s reaction – show, they did not appreciate Iosef’s brash decision. In fact, his actions have earned him the total opposite of fortune, and it’s his decision to pursue the matter of John’s car that ultimately leads to his death.

On the other hand, if you look at John’s actions in the same movie, you would say that he’s stronger and braver than he is bold. His dog’s death shook him (and everyone else watching the movie), but his thirst for revenge shows he’s calculating, and he has only one goal.

He wasn’t rash about anything: he was smart, took his time, persevered and handled anything that stopped him from his goal. And ultimately, he was successful. He was stronger and braver than he was rash, and as a result, he was more fortunate than, say, the entire bold and rash Russian Mafia.

We also see this play out in the second movie, where being bold doesn’t really earn you any favors.

In “John Wick 2,” it’s John who exhibits the loss of fortune. Choosing to break one of two of their community’s rules and killing Santino inside the Continental, John puts himself in a difficult position because every highly skilled assassin who wants $14 million is now out to get him.

It was frustrating for Santino to have escaped his clutches, but had John chosen to be strong and learn from what happened to Ms. Perkins in the last film, he wouldn’t have been in the situation he’s in with “John Wick: Parabellum.”

So who was the strong one Fortuna favored in the movie if it wasn’t John?

Well, I think it’s Cassian. Cassian was only doing his job when he sought revenge for Gianna’s death. But if you remember that tense scene where he was forced to stop trying to kill John and share a drink in the Continental. Like John in the first movie, he played by the rules and waited. It’s probably one of the reasons why John had so much professional respect for him – because he, too, showed strength and courage that John could respect.

And not only does this tattoo reflect so much on the first two films; its true meaning may also have an effect on the third movie.

More Tattoo Meanings Revealed on Parabellum

While deconstructing the true meaning of John Wick’s tattoo, I realized three important implications the message on his Latin tattoo could have on “Parabellum.”

In “John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum,” the baba yaga or John Wick, has a $14 million hit on him and he must escape an entire organization of assassins. This time, however, he doesn’t have the safety of the Continental, which had already saved him at least once in the last two movies.

The trailers, teasers, and poster for John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum hints that John Wick, now with a $14 million hit on him, must escape an entire organization of assassins. This time, however, he doesn’t have the safety of the Continental, which had already saved him at least once in the last two movies.

A Braver, Less Bold Man

The first implication is that John is now a wiser assassin. He was once a brave assassin, but his decision to choose to kill Santino has led to his downfall. There’s not much to say about this except he may be more careful about which step he makes, but more on this later.

The Fate of Winston

Second, Winston’s action was brave. As I mentioned at the beginning of this article, what if one of the ways John Wick can ever truly be safe again is if he killed the High Table and, as a result, destroy the organization of hitmen and create an every man for himself sort of world? Or, even worse, what if he tried to kill everyone? He’s done it before, so chances are he’ll do it again.

However, that may mean killing everyone in the crime underworld, including the staff members of the Continental. Will fortune favor Winston, who spared John Wick’s life for a moment by giving him a marker and giving him an hour’s head start? By the laws of Chekhov’s gun, that marker will be used one day. But what if the act of giving John a marker becomes what eventually saves Winston’s life?

The Strong Ones

Third, note how the Latin tattoo says, “the strong ones.” It’s in plural form. If John Wick made this tattoo for himself, it’s worded incorrectly because he’s just one man. What if this means the tattoo wasn’t limited to just John Wick himself, but to every assassin in the John Wick universe?

What if that was the way an assassin initiates themselves into the network of hitmen, and they all played with the same rule that the strong ones are the ones favored with fortune?

If everyone (or at least the hitmen in the same league as John Wick’s skill) had the same tattoo, what if a hitman’s downfall – choosing to be rash and bold rather than strong and brave – is what eventually leads to their downfall.

Iosef is dead, Viggo is dead, Marcus, Santino, Ms. Perkins and anyone who acted rashly without a care for the rules or the consequences are now dead.

What if, because of John’s decision to kill Santino, he’s sealed his fate?

First, it means that I’ve spoiled the ending for myself. Second, it means that no matter how much John Wick fights to get out of New York City, eventually, he will meet his downfall. Then, it may mean that the entire film revolves around characters’ hamartia – their fatal flaw that leads to their downfall. And in a film series piled with corpses, it’s not hard to think that each character has at least one fatal flaw.

I may just be making a big deal out of a back tattoo. But notice how that tattoo was the focus for 10 seconds while John Wick was taking a shower in the first movie. When movies are trying to keep things short to fill in more story, the fact that it got so much screen time means that it is important – possibly a recurring theme in the film?

And notice the third film’s name, “parabellum.” It’s Latin, from the Latin phrase “Si vis pacem, para bellum,” or “If you want peace, prepare for war.” It’s saying that, in Chapter 3, John needs to prepare for war. And, as history of wars has shown, if you want to win, you’ve got to have brave and strong soldiers, not bold soldiers.

The 2019 Update – SPOILER ALERT!

“John Wick: Chapter 3 – Parabellum” had its highs and lows. I was surprised how all three of my predictions about John Wick’s tattoo kind of came true.

The prediction that the tattoo referred to “The Strong Ones” rather than just one strong person was right on the nose. It’s revealed that John Wick was originally from Belarus and a former protégé of The Director. John’s background does explain the gun-fu scenes in the much-anticipated franchise, with fight sequences mimicking a kind of ballet — bathed in blood, of course.

We get a scene where another of The Director’s recruits – a ballerina femme fatale – shares the same back tattoo as John Wick.

It’s highly likely that not all assassins in John Wick have this tattoo, but there’s a probability that all of the assassins trained by The Director have it. We might see this in the fourth installment of the series or in the rumored spin-off focusing on the ballerina herself.

Next, we talked about how Winston’s actions in the second movie could be what saves his life. He survives his actions, but just not in the way we expected. John was offered the chance to have his excommunicated status removed and his transgressions forgiven if he killed Winston, something he ultimately refused to do. With his debt paid, however, Winston had no guilt shooting John off the roof of the Continental to prove his fealty to the High Table.

We also mentioned how John Wick’s safety may not be assured until he manages to kill the entire High Table. He didn’t get to do this in “Parabellum,” but at the end of the movie after getting shot off the roof of the Continental, he’s saved and taken to the Bowery King.

Earlier in the movie, the Bowery King (and Winston) were forced to resign their positions in the underworld as punishment for helping John. The Bowery King refused to abdicate, so as punishment was sliced seven times by a ninja hired by The Adjudicator. He survived, but now it’s clear that both he and John Wick have an axe to grind with the High Table.

Could this be the start of the war between John Wick and the Bowery King’s network versus the High Table? We’ll just have to wait and see in “John Wick 4: Resurrection.”